1	CANNON MUSKEGON NI BASE SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS
2	Brief History “Superalloy” first used shortly after WW II Initial use in turbosuperchargers and turbine engines Now used in aircraft and land-based gas turbines, rocket engines, chemical, and petroleum plants Retain most of strength after long exposure to temperatures above 1200°F
3	Brief History Superalloys consist of various combinations of Fe, Ni, Co, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Ti, Hf, B, C, Zr, and Al These alloys have superior mechanical strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, good surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance
4	Brief History Types of Turbine Castings Equiaxed-multitude of grains in finished casting DS (directionally solidified)-grains in casting solidify from bottom to top SC (single crystal)-single grain grows from bottom to top to encompass entire casting
5	Brief History DS SC EQ
6	Brief History
7	CM DS ALLOYS
8	CM DS ALLOYS
9	Brief History With turbine inlet temperatures expecting to approach 3000°F, single crystal alloys were initially developed in the 1970’s During solidification a single grain grows to encompass the entire part The elimination of grain boundaries is where single crystal alloys obtain their outstanding strength In addition, the elimination of C, B, Si, and Zr help raise the single crystal’s melting point
10	Brief History Single crystal (SC) superalloys are classified into first, second and third generation alloys 1^stgeneration SC’s do not contain Re 2^nd generation SC’s contain about 3% Re 3^rd generation SC’s contain about 6% Re This Re addition leads to an improvement in creep strength and fatigue resistance.
11	1^St generation single crystals PWA 1480 Rene N4 SRR99 RR2000 AM1 AM2 CMSX 2 CMSX 3 CMSX 6 AF56
12	2^nd generation single crystals CMSX 4 PWA 1484 SC 180 MC 2 Rene N5
13	3^rd generation single crystals CMSX 10 Rene N6 TMS 75 TMS 113
14	Cannon Muskegon Single Crystal Alloys CMSX 2^â CMSX 3^â CMSX 4^â CMSX 4^â[SLS][La+Y] CMSX 6^â CMSX 10K^â CMSX 10N^â CMSX 486^â
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16	CMSX 2^® & 3^® NOMINAL CHEMISTRY CMSX 2 C <60ppm Cr 8 Ni Bal Co 5 Mo 0.6 W 8 Ta 6 Ti 1 Al 5.6 CMSX 3 C <60PPM Cr 8 Ni Bal Co 5 Mo 0.6 W 8 Ta 6 Ti 1 Al 5.6 Hf 0.1
17	CMSX 2^® & 3^®
18	CMSX 2^® & 3^®
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20	CMSX 4^® NOMINAL CHEMISTRY C <60ppm Cr 6.5 Ni Bal Co 9 Mo 0.6 W 6 Ta 6.5 Ti 1 Al 5.6 Hf 0.1 Re 3
21	CMSX 4^®
22	CMSX 4^®
23	Blade Examples
24	Blade Examples
25	Examples
26	CMSX 4^®[SLS][La+Y] Similar to CMSX 4^® in composition with following exceptions: S <1ppm La + Y .002
27	CMSX 4^®[SLS][La+Y]
28	Blade Example SX Casting w/ Silica-base Core Body (HP1 Turbine Blade)
29	A few of the end users of CMSX 4^® PCC Airfoils Rolls-Royce Pratt & Whitney Canada Howmet Solar Turbines, Inc. Siemens (UK) Williams International IHI-ICC (Japan) Fiat Avio (Italy) Honda (joint engine with GE)
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31	CMSX 10^® CMSX 10K C <60PPM Cr 2 Ni Bal Co 3 Mo 0.1 W 5 Cb 0.1 Ta 8 Ti 0.2 Al 5.7 Hf 0.03 Re 6 CMSX 10N C <60PPM Cr 1.5 Ni Bal Co 3 Mo 0.1 W 5 Cb 0.05 Ta 8 Ti 0.1 Al 5.8 Hf 0.03 Re 7
32	CMSX 10^®
33	CMSX 10^®
34	Blade Examples
35	Blade Examples
36	Trent Series Usage
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38	Summary With new single crystal alloy development, advanced coating materials, and the latest turbine blade cooling configurations, today's jet engines are running hotter, smoother, and more fuel efficient.