1	Analysis of Bismuth based Brasses
2	Alloy composition Typical alloy composition: Cu 75 - 85% Zn 0 8 Sn 4 5 Bi 0.5 5 Pb 0.25 or lower Max Sb 0.25 or lower Max Se 0.01 0.2 Trace elements
3	Alloy numbers Typical alloys C89833 C89836 C89510 C89520 Federalloys Magnolia Proprietary variants
4	Sample selection and preparation Slug samples Saw samples across any potential chill segregation Use sawings for Cu and ICP determination Use side of slug for Spark source e-spec
5	Determination of major elements Gravimetric Copper: Alloying constituents plate with Copper Chemical separation is time consuming and not practical in a production environment KSCN precipitation Plating is incomplete Plating is porous
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8	Typical corrections For alloy containing: 85% Cu 2% Bi Cu retained in plating solution: 0.05 - 0.10 % Bi plated 1.80 - 1.85 % Look for any non-adherent particles, if present, filter, dissolve and quantify via ICP Occasionally will be present, maximum observed 0.02 % Usually an indication that plating current needs to be reduced
9	Determination of major elements Bi via ICP: Matched standards are a necessity Complete dissolution is mandatory Use HCl + H₂O₂ Use moderate heat to avoid volatilization of Sn, Sb, As Selection of wavelenght: 223.061 nm Selection of background points is critical Reagent blanking Adequate dilution 0.5 gram to 500 ml
10	Tin via ICP Dissolution Hf is a necessity Moderate heat during dissolution Do not use commercial H₂O₂ Assure adequate HCl to keep in solution
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12	Wavelenghts for Other elements via ICP Al 396.152 nm B 249.773 Be 313.107 Bi 223.061 Cu 224.700 Fe 259.940 Mn 260.569 Ni 231.604 Pb 220.353 Sb 217.581 Se 196.026 Si 288.158 Sn 189.926 Zn 206.200